GHG INVENTORY SOLUTION

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Software for Vietnamese Enterprises

EcoTrack is an end-to-end platform that automates greenhouse gas inventory management while integrating emissions monitoring, forecasting and compliance with GHG allowance requirements.

The platform supports automated reporting in accordance with Vietnam’s GHG regulatory framework and standardizes calculation methodologies based on relevant sectoral technical guidance, ISO 14064-1, the GHG Protocol and IPCC Guidelines.

With real-time, multi-level management dashboards and integrated GRI 305 data consolidation, EcoTrack enables businesses to take control of their emissions data, reduce compliance risks and make more informed decisions on their path toward Net-Zero.

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OVERVIEW

What Is Greenhouse Gas Inventory?

According to Clause 9, Article 3 of Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP, as amended and supplemented by Decree No. 119/2025/ND-CP: “Greenhouse gas inventory means the collection of information and data on greenhouse gas emission sources, the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions and removals within a defined scope and for a specific year, in accordance with methodologies and procedures issued by competent authorities.”.

n practice, and in accordance with international standards such as ISO 14064-1 and the GHG Protocol, emissions are quantified for seven major groups of greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, HFCs, PFCs, SF₆, NF₃) and categorized into three scopes:

  • Scope 1: Direct emissions
  • Scope 2: Indirect emissions from purchased energy
  • Scope 3: Other indirect emissions across the value chain

GHG inventory is a fundamental step that helps enterprises subject to mandatory inventory requirements under Decision No. 42/2026/QD-TTg fully comply with reporting obligations under Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP, as amended and supplemented by Decree No. 119/2025/ND-CP. At the same time, it enables facilities that are allocated emissions allowances to proactively monitor emissions, optimize compliance costs and confidently implement their Net-Zero roadmap.

APPLICABLE ENTITIES

Which Enterprises Need to Conduct a Greenhouse Gas Inventory?

Corporate obligations relating to greenhouse gas inventories and emissions allowance management can be divided into two key groups:

1. Enterprises Subject to Mandatory Compliance under Vietnamese Law

  • Facilities included in the list of entities required to conduct GHG inventories: Pursuant to Article 6 of Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP, as amended and supplemented by Decree No. 119/2025/ND-CP, and the list issued under Decision No. 42/2026/QD-TTg, updating Decision No. 13/2024/QD-TTg, these include facilities with annual emissions of 3,000 tCO₂e or more, or facilities meeting the following thresholds:

    • Industry & Energy: Thermal power plants and industrial production facilities with annual energy consumption of 1,000 TOE or more.

    • Freight Transportation: Freight transport enterprises with annual fuel consumption of 1,000 TOE or more.

    • Commercial Buildings: Commercial buildings with annual energy consumption of 1,000 TOE or more.

    • Waste Treatment: Solid waste treatment facilities with an operating capacity of 65,000 tonnes per year or more.

  • Facilities participating in the pilot allocation and surrender of emissions allowances: Thermal power plants and cement, iron and steel production facilities subject to emissions allowance allocation under Decision No. 263/QD-TTg and Decision No. 699/QD-BTNMT are required to conduct periodic GHG inventories and fulfil their emissions allowance surrender obligations.

2. Enterprises Responding to International Market & Green Supply Chain Requirements

  • Exporters subject to CBAM: Enterprises exporting to the EU and other international markets, particularly in sectors such as iron and steel, cement, aluminium and fertilizers, need to quantify embedded emissions in their products to support customs clearance and carbon reporting obligations.

  • Enterprises preparing ESG Reports & participating in global supply chains: Listed companies, FDI enterprises and suppliers need transparent GHG inventory data in accordance with frameworks such as GRI 305, the GHG Protocol and ISO 14064-1 to meet the requirements of business partners and investors.

CHALLENGES

Common Challenges in Greenhouse Gas Inventory

  • Fragmented Activity Data and Loss of Audit Trail: 

    Data on coal, oil, electricity, refrigerants and production materials is often scattered across multiple departments, including Accounting, Engineering & M&E, Warehouse Management, and Environment & Safety.
    Manual consolidation across numerous Excel files can easily lead to errors, inconsistencies and difficulties in tracing source documents during verification.

  • Difficulties in Identifying and Applying Emission Factors (EF):

    Enterprises often face difficulties when choosing between: grid emission factors published by the Department of Climate Change; technical circulars issued by relevant ministries, including Industry and Trade, Construction, and Agriculture and Environment; international default emission factors issued by organizations such as IPCC and IEA.
    Using an inappropriate emission factor or applying an incorrect calorific value or unit can result in significant deviations in calculated emissions.

  • Complexity in Defining Boundaries & Identifying Emission Sources:

    Enterprises may face difficulties in determining operational-control or financial-control boundaries in accordance with ISO 14064-1 and the GHG Protocol.
    Many organizations also struggle to distinguish emissions from industrial processes and product use (IPPU), refrigerant leakage from cooling and air-conditioning systems under Scope 1, and supply-chain or outsourced transportation data under Scope 3.

  • Verification Documentation Risks during Independent MRV Assessment:

    GHG inventory reports must strictly follow the prescribed reporting structure under Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP, as amended by Decree No. 119/2025/ND-CP. If an enterprise does not establish a proper system for storing verification evidence, such as weighbridge tickets, fuel purchase invoices, operating logs and laboratory analysis data, the independent MRV verifier may request additional explanations or decline to confirm the results.

  • Passive Retrospective Inventories and the Risk of Exceeding Emissions Allowances:

    Most facilities conduct their GHG inventory only once at the end of the reporting period and therefore cannot track cumulative emissions on a monthly or quarterly basis.For thermal power, cement, and iron and steel facilities participating in the pilot emissions allowance scheme under Decision No. 263/QD-TTg and Decision No. 699/QD-BTNMT, the absence of an emissions monitoring tool may leave enterprises unprepared for their allowance surrender obligations.

SOLUTION

ESGreen’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory Solution

  • Flexible Scope Classification Based on Reporting Objectives: The system automatically filters and structures data according to the enterprise’s intended reporting purpose. For regulatory compliance reporting under Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP and Decree No. 119/2025/ND-CP, enterprises can extract only Scope 1 and Scope 2 data. For reporting under international standards such as ISO 14064-1 and the GHG Protocol, the inventory can be expanded to comprehensively cover Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3.
  • Standardized Emission Factor System under Decision No. 2626: EcoTrack integrates the emission factor database used for GHG inventories under Decision No. 2626, together with Vietnam’s national grid emission factor. The system automatically prioritizes applicable domestic emission factors. Where no national emission factor is available for a specific emission source, the system allows the use of international default factors from sources such as IPCC, IEA and the GHG Protocol, helping ensure both calculation accuracy and regulatory relevance.
  • Automated Regulatory Compliance & ESG Reporting: The system automatically generates GHG inventory reports corresponding to the required information fields and reporting templates under Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP, as amended by Decree No. 119/2025/ND-CP. At the same time, it consolidates data for GRI 305 indicators, supporting the preparation of Sustainability and ESG Reports.
  • Emissions Allowance Monitoring & Visual Analytics Dashboard: Monitor emissions on a monthly, quarterly and annual basis. The platform provides early warnings of potential exceedance of allocated emissions allowances under Decision No. 263/QD-TTg and Decision No. 699/QD-BTNMT, while enabling in-depth analysis of major emission hotspots within each facility..
  • Multi-Site and Multi-Plant Data Access Management: EcoTrack supports enterprises operating multiple factories, facilities or branches by providing role-based data entry and multi-level review and approval.The system then automatically consolidates emissions data across the entire enterprise.
  • Digital Audit Trail & MRV Readiness: Verification documents, including energy invoices, weighbridge tickets and operating logs, are stored transparently and linked directly to the relevant data history. This enables enterprises to provide explanations more easily and strengthens readiness for independent MRV verification.

PROCESS

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Process

  1. Define the Facility-Level GHG Inventory Boundary: Establish the operational boundary and identify emission sources under the facility’s control, including stationary combustion, mobile combustion, industrial processes and product use (IPPU), fugitive emissions and electricity consumption.

  2. Collect Facility-Level GHG Inventory Activity Data: Collect complete data on fuel consumption, raw materials, auxiliary materials, electricity and chemicals from invoices, operating logs, weighbridge tickets and internal metering systems.
  3. Select Facility-Level GHG Emission Factors: Prioritize nationally specific emission factors under Decision No. 2626/QD-BNNMT, the grid emission factor published by the Department of Climate Change, and default emission factors provided in IPCC guidelines.
  4. Determine the Facility-Level GHG Inventory Method: Select an appropriate calculation method or direct measurement method for each emission source in accordance with the technical guidance under Circular No. 38/2023/TT-BCT.
  5. Perform Quality Control (QC) for the Facility-Level GHG Inventory: Establish procedures for cross-checking activity data, verifying data integrity and maintaining supporting documentation and verification records.
  6. Assess Uncertainty in the Facility-Level GHG Inventory: Quantify uncertainties associated with activity data and emission factors in accordance with IPCC guidance to determine the reliability of calculated results.
  7. Recalculate Facility-Level GHG Inventory Results: Perform recalculation when there are changes in inventory boundaries or methodologies, when errors are identified in historical data, or when more accurate emission factors become available.
  8. Prepare the Facility-Level GHG Inventory Report: Complete and generate the GHG inventory report using the templates prescribed under Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP, as amended and supplemented by Decree No. 119/2025/ND-CP, and Circular No. 38/2023/TT-BCT, in preparation for independent MRV verification.

INDUSTRIES

Applications by Industry

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES & PRODUCT USE (IPPU)

Quantify emissions from chemical reactions associated with steel ore reduction, chemicals and fertilizer production, as well as specific gas leakage.
The system supports emissions allowance management in the steel industry under Decision No. 263/QD-TTg and Decision No. 699/QD-BNNMT, while enabling the extraction of emissions data required for CBAM declarations for exported products.

AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & LAND USE

Calculate emissions from livestock, rice cultivation and fertilizer application, as well as carbon removals by forests.
The data can be used to establish baselines for carbon credit development and support compliance with international sustainable agricultural product standards.

WASTE MANAGEMENT & TREATMENT

Measure methane emissions from landfills with a capacity of 65,000 tonnes/year or more under Decision No. 42/2026/QD-TTg, as well as emissions from waste incineration facilities and wastewater treatment plants.

ENERGY & THERMAL POWER

Conduct inventories of Scope 1 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and Scope 2 emissions associated with electricity consumption.
The system supports thermal power plants in monitoring emissions and fulfilling emissions allowance surrender obligations under Decision No. 263/QD-TTg and Decision No. 699/QD-BNNMT, while standardizing emissions data for ESG reporting.

TRANSPORTATION & LOGISTICS

Conduct inventories of mobile combustion fuel consumption by vehicle and transport route for transport enterprises meeting the threshold of 1,000 TOE/year or more under Decision No. 42/2026/QD-TTg.
The system also provides transportation emissions data under Scope 3 for green supply chains.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

FAQ - Greenhouse Gas Inventory

A Greenhouse Gas Inventory (GHG Inventory) is the process of measuring and calculating the total amount of CO₂ and other greenhouse gas emissions generated by an enterprise’s business and production activities, using internationally recognized methodologies such as the GHG Protocol. The inventory results provide the basis for regulatory compliance reporting and the development of emissions reduction strategies.

Under Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP, major emitting facilities included in the list issued by the Prime Minister are required to conduct greenhouse gas inventories. These include facilities in energy, industrial production such as cement, steel and chemicals, transportation and construction that emit 3,000 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent per year or more.

The time required depends on the number of facilities, emissions scope, level of data readiness and reporting requirements.For enterprises with relatively complete data, ESGreen can significantly reduce the time required for data consolidation and calculation. The ESGreen team also provides support throughout system setup and data collection.

The cost depends on the size of the enterprise, the number of facilities and the inventory scope, whether covering Scope 1 and Scope 2 only or also Scope 3.
ESGreen provides a specific quotation after assessing the enterprise’s actual requirements.
Contact our consulting team for a tailored quotation.

SGreen provides greenhouse gas inventory software together with technical support, including:system setup, user training, support for data collection and data entry, data quality checks, and generation of reports in accordance with applicable requirements under Decree No. 06/2022 and ISO 14064.
The ESGreen expert team accompanies enterprises throughout the entire GHG inventory process.